• What is Emotional
  First Aid (EFA)?
• The Horrible Hours
• Common Reactions to
  Traumatic Events
• The 5 Emotional
  First Aid (EFA) Skills
  • Reach Out
  • Protect
  • Reassure
  • Organize
  • Reinforce
• EFA: The Finer Points
  • Acknowledge
  • Normalize
  • Expand the Survivors Story
  • Redirect
  • The Fine Art of
    Hanging Around
  • Caring Demeanor
  • Recognize Sources
    of Strength
• What to Say/Not to Say
  to Survivors of Tragedy
• Death Notification
• EFA: Guiding Principles
• Review of Major EFA Concepts
• EFA is Powerful
• Get Yourself Out of the Way
• Helping Teens & Children
• Understanding the Emergency System
• Helper: Heal Yourself
• Follow Up with Survivors
• Online Resources
• Special Circumstances
  • Dealing with Traumatic Loss
  • Domestic Violence
  • Fire Loss
  • Suicide
  • Death in the Workplace
• Print PDFs

To really understand the importance of Emotional First Aid, you need to understand what we call The Horrible Hours. The Horrible Hours are those first few hours immediately following a tragic event. There are 5 aspects of these Horrible Hours which make it the terrible time that it is, and that make it important for you to be there as soon as possible.

1. The Horrible Hours involve a huge loss in a person’s life. It may be the loss of a spouse of 50 years, the loss of a child or the loss of a home. We experience many losses as we go through our daily lives, but a tragic event can be described as the BIG ONE.
    
2. The Horrible Hours are something that the survivors never planned for. They were taken totally by surprise and therefore are totally unprepared for the event.
    
3. Survivors usually don’t experience their Horrible Hours in a nice, quiet and familiar environment. Rather, the environment is often chaotic. It may be in a noisy emergency department, or on the side of a freeway or in the person’s home with emergency personnel and friends and family coming and going.
    
4. Often, the person experiencing the Horrible Hours is alone. The survivor’s support system has not gotten there yet. When you arrive, it’s important to convey "you are not alone now".
    
5. The person experiencing the Horrible Hours is often asked to make dreadful decisions...
   

   "What mortuary should I use to bury my dead child?"
   "Should I donate his organs?"
   "How should I tell my child his father killed himself?"

Unfortunately, the person faced with these dreadful decisions does not have the experience, the information, or the clear thinking to make them.

These horrible situations leave survivors devastated. Each person reacts differently, but it’s very common for survivors to be shocked, confused, shaking, sobbing, angry, guilty and questioning. But the word which best characterizes survivors is lost.